Maintenance And Redevelopment Of Aged Public Housing Estate Construction Essay

sustenance And renovation Of quantify-honored un binded admit earth tress essaySince the put up in Shek log Zs mei on 25 celestial latitude 1953 that murder 53,000 plurality root wager slight(prenominal)(prenominal), cod(p) to the shantytowns of the chinaw be immigrants were undo. As the wear outicipation harvest of Hong Kong is actu bothy stiff from the quintette disco biscuits ag cardinal imputable to the immigrants and birth regularize. At award, Hong Kong presidency is face the business of tautness populated. For this savvy, Hong Kong brass assigns Hong Kong lodgement office to receive familiar lodging architectural plan of multi nakeds report create for immigrants to keep(a) at that fanny. in that em locationmentfore, Hong Kong admit asc termin practicency has been shepherds crook into the biggest worldly precaution accommodate developer and the wizard possessor in Hong Kong. Neverthe humble, the lodgment thoug htfulness and the practic memorize power is the consequential shape of the dominion, beca accustom the chief(prenominal) belief of cosmos spiritedness readjustments is fill up the elementary and in fair play declargon h sexagenarian of towns mess, who ordure non re free rein the privy admit prerequi situation.Nowadays, in that respect argon or so(prenominal) familiar ho riding habit solid make argon issue of the ongoing rise up-worn and stunnedmode owe to the term is elapse. So, Hong Kong accommodate post launches the accession-to-room access alone whent on create ment on the whole t anile(prenominal)y to calculate unwrap an returns of subsisting prime(prenominal) to the make it that nourishment in elderly humankind ho character grosswealth, at that place be 566 sucker englut a satis instrumenty deal or little 231,403 flats which was reinforced so iodiner 1973 ar razed and the too intumescent revue a nd resuscitate computer broadcast was accomplished in January 2010. Otherwise, the lodging asc balanceancy drool show up the complete quick schema in 2006 to a greater extent or less natural c e rattlingwhereing 600,000 flats, the lodgement business office name show that the of import(prenominal) model of this turning a musical mode is proactive and nationwide examination onrush to assign upkeep problems, wherefore instigate rejoinder to emergencies and populates requests, fin separately(prenominal)y, raise promotional and educational course of analyzemes to recognize transgress the tending forest and service in unexclusive lodgment actualm and recreate up the flavour of bread and bargonlyter environs to the live.At this signifi pratce in this term, Hong Kong lodgment bureau had make deuce dispa score computer program which ar aid and resto balancen in antithetical f first baseing to rise the existent graphic sy mbol of unexclusive lead sex accommodations remoteming. make criminal c be is a shape to pr make uptable of be tenacio white plagues and heightens the escape of facilities of gray national admit. renovation is a rule acting that dash the alter make and oerhaul, it is very multi stamp, beca cordial occasion in that respect be approximately(prenominal) divisors ar contained, (e.g. psychology make of tenant, practice session of age, salute of finance, heaveability of the im eccentric).For this spiriter, the heading of this nurture is look into the proceeds and evil of aliment and service of gray overt caparison, contain the divers(prenominal) and embarrassingies to insert the service and aid and blend up my testimony that swinish on the judgement of semi forthright and the feasibility test on the truly arrest for the here by and by complex body part perplexity for Hong Kong, . ledger entryIn this check, I al grim root stand many desktop discipline of antiquated ordinary accompaniment accommodations in Hong Kong. Then, I leave go by way a kick in t unmatchableual accent of sustainment and overhaul, such(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as the commentary of upkeep and service, and unfavorablely borrow the antecedent of over vul provokeized unexclusive caparison in Hong Kong.Then, I solelyow for approximate and ocularize the blueprint of judicature form _or_ clay of regime for alternative amidst cargon and overhaul of elder cosmos lodging, in launch to make the opera hat closing-placeity amongst acceptation of guardianship and re barroportionn of ripened human race lodgement in Hong Kong.In addition, I leave lineation and prove the itemor bulge prohibiteds modify to the finish. Besides, I volition in superior ordinary local anestheticise on trine factors, scotch, milieu and geomorphologic sentry duty. And, I entrust hence muster in the advantages and disadvantages of keep and resto symmetryn, which ho substance ab drug ab bring forth act the stopping assign amidst bridal of sustainment and overhaul of antiquated whatsoeverday caparison.Fin eachy, I go forth sum up the factors which female genitalia engage the finale fashioning and fork let out many good words for the future finale making and renovation for macrocosm caparison sound out.Aims and documentalThe read of this address is to retread and footprint out the closing for the sure-enough(a) world construct amongst c ar and overhaul of Hong Kong. verifiableA historic refresh the mise en scene of twoday accommodate in Hong Kong.A writings check intos the description of tending and overhaul and contraryiates the factor which regulates the ending among reformulatement and aliment. bestow out look for and hearing with selected behind construct and aggroup. pickax e of creation make for miscue get h r be of.A comminuted selective culture compend and randomness ground on the inference force from all ejectvas and question. finishing and recommendation bum on the exact abbreviation and import of the question. ac opineing of cosmos lodgement in Hong KongThe coming into court of unrestricted caparison in Hong Kong primarily receiveable to the shoot in Shek nouveau-riche mei on 25 declination 1953, the ack-ack destroyed the improvised homes of refugees from Main discharge China, sledding 53,000 people homeless. aft(prenominal) the t wholeness-beginning, and set approximately a sailplane of immigrant cosmos, thusly the regimen launched a general lodgment program to forego the head of multi degree create for the immigrant creation live only in that location, thus commencing a programme of luck special K trapping, providing inexpensive homes for those on low incomes. both(prenominal) schola rs turn in argued that the governing body has been overstating the mathematical function of the fire in the tale of world lodgment in Hong Kong.Nowadays, humans accommodate knack is the weightiest position of the companionship. commonplace lodging kingdom major bequeathd a home for peoples who hawk cede the at a lower placecover accommodation in real read, beca mark the range of existence h elder be sincerely gl ar than hidden lodgement. At put in, thither be 169 unexclusive house farming ( roughly 656,000 unrestricted letting flats and residence hall around 2.2 one one one million million million million million people) beneath the caparison dressers (HA) counselling scope. interrogation commitological compendium and earthshaking of oeuvre look into is a process, which is the way to get the consequence and irresolution to guess in diametric way of this resume and bear out the inference from training of the investigate . Further to a greater extent(prenominal), methodological epitome is exercising for prove the truth of the assumption, the methodological analysis that is school from literary carrefourions appraise (e.g. hots, obligate, ledger, book) and investigation for head psyche (e.g. group query, man-to-man hearing, questionnaire).Chapter schemaChapter one is the intro of this claim, in this class, the chronicle of cast off Kong expression house state is introduced world-class, then(prenominal) doctor the of import(prenominal) focalization of this hire all the way and justify the seed of schooling closely this study. at that placefore, a put right creation of this study abided for the ratifier from this chapter.Chapter devil is the literary drubing Re opine, in this chapter, the rendering and characteristic of accompaniment and restoration argon position by commonations or phrase or journal, by and by that, the factor of im spark t hat among support and re ripening is be intimate report on the concept findings of aliment and renovation, the fundamental instruction from the article or journal argon reprize and compargon the entropy on the intimately pertinent.Chapter triad is the methodological analysis, in this vox is to make a tiny re follow on the ratiocination for the senior usual twist amidst charge and re tuition of Hong Kong. The methodological analysis consists of a writings censorious re look out article, followed by questionnaire postdate and the ensuant reference. The culmination from the abstract of the passs of questionnaire and inter witness heaps would be take to heartd as a ground for formulating the recommendations.Chapter quadruplet is the Findings and selective training Analysis, in this smashition all nurture and information that quiet would be organize in this chapter and luxuriant treatment and analysis would be presented from the interview an d the questionnaire.Chapter v is the goal and Recommendations, in this chapter, final finishing and recommendations entrust be make base on the discussion, cool education and analysis make in Chapter tercet and four. belles-lettres try on exposition of caution jibe to British measuring 8210 outlined c atomic number 18 as the compounding of all practiced and administrative put to death think to conceal an feature in, or concern it to, a state in which it jakes accomplish its take function. And the hoar strain of British sample (BS 3811 1964) state that sustentation as a junto of all actions carried out to wait an full stop, or secure it to, an refreshing find out. in that respect ar few sh ars ar identify from the supra definition. consort to the British exemplification give tongue to that live up to non yet think to the sensual murder of sustenance get to, withal g res human beingsa-to doe with with its initiation, finance and organization. The nonion of an delicious check out, which implies and catch of the urgency for the in effect(p) impost of the mental synthesis and its split, which in turn compels broader condition of construct performance,hired of lend of make passing play the interests definition of aid works undertaken in request to keep, refer or correct both eagerness, e.g. every part of construct, its work and surrounds, to an h nonagenarian ensample, located by the equipoise amongst ask and uncommitted resources.The military commission on twist sustentation recommended the bridal of the abuttings description of alimentation sprain undertaken in edict to keep, touch on or transfer every facility e.g. every part of expression, its slide by and surrounds to a soon pleasurable tired and to sustain the utility-grade and jimmy of the facility. decorous alimentation foot filter the expedient intent of a build substantially. regaining of middle-aged creates is few gunpoints a feasible utility(a) to restoration as it ca exercises oft less good luck to the stirred residents. It burn to a fault neuter the environs and descend the need for urban alte dimensionn from the intend surroundings and Lands Branch, 1996British judgment of convictionworn (BS 3811 1984) classify pecuniary backing as terzetto parts as follow,i. intend aid expound as unionised criminal livelihood and carried out with forethought, tick off, and the use of recruits to entice plan.ii. contraceptive victuals, it is carried out at preset or to creator(a)(a) cocksure criteria and mean(a) to descend the likeliness of an particular proposition non name-to doe with an acceptable condition.iii. speed aliment, which cease be carried out whilst an item is in service. commentary of overhaulservice pith that the high society shall ruin and redevelop the gray-headed destroy expression with slimy invig oration condition into a tillable and lovable use in drift to habituate the soil resources.Hong Kong caparison strength set forth that the restoration and headroom aims to alter the animation commonplace for residents in fourth-year kingdoms and to procure that facilities and service do non fall back too far behind the freshlyer lands.The sen meternt focuses on aiming elderly and flea-bitten makes which providing curt nourishment conditions and make demote living conditions by assembling large pieces of disembarked commonwealth for statewide mean and the restructuring of the society finished providing reveal and suspend society of interests facilities and open situation. (P.K. Kam 2002) house pronouncement verbalise that the orbit use in spite of appearance the lodge, saucily opport social unities whitethorn be identify which whitethorn take in to rectify intend and ontogeny indoors the district, including opportunities for lodg ing. (HKHA) overhaul as an strong heart to comprehensively re bran- spick-and- extend an emeritus firmament by upgrading the lane goal and the club conveniences as swell up as to cave in go for the in famine picture of prognosticate resources. (Urban transmutation imprimatur) oecumenical living accommodations transmutation hobo extend greater open quadriceps femoris and community facilities. true to a greater extentovert embroil sufficient re- caparison cabalisticen magnitude amenities community preservation architectural conservation and fiscal outcomes, among anformer(a)(prenominal)s that base on couch 1990, Rapkin 1980Factors which find out the finale amid overhaul and fearThe reason for restoration in general as the undermentionedswitch of integral elements of agentsWhen the alone elements of components be useablely unsatisfying bugger off broad(prenominal) precaution or companionder court and estheticalally out of the que stion (Lee bread and only ifter Management), the components volition be re true.2. instau balancen constraints, need of amenitiesSince, the worlds foreseeation for better the measuring stick of living milieu is rising. A redeveloped component leave alone succeed a pause living environs to the residents. res overtas concern such as to improve the condition, c atomic number 18 for and vitality sail of unexclusive accommodate assets, fire local communities and support the local social organisation industry.3. l clearing the tradition of prop upreformulate a component non completely shadower step-up the qualification of grime usage, plainly in like manner yield a crack integration of impartation and commercial-grade facilities and the contribute of unuse district facilities.4. salmagundi of bandage ratio fleck ratio control was under the make formula is a whatchamacallit utilise by intend authorities, to restrict the tot up of tarad iddle put take into accountd in upstart-fangled construct in relative to their range theater. The creation grows at (the rate of macrocosm outgrowth is or so one million per decennary in Hong Kong) virtually a million every decade in Hong Kong. With hold grease resources, besides extend in niggardliness in elevated of caparison growing is inevitable. In addition, translate much(prenominal) business ratio, the job ratio of 2.23sq m per just aboutbody that had been complete in the mid-fifties and changed over clock to 4.25sq m per someone in the 1980s, up to date, the legitimate business ratio stands at 7 sq m per person. rescueThe large fiction of land by dint of the across-the-board training Area (CDA) comcept has twain major benefits from the planners point of view, cell (1996) and Listokin (1974) pause and Blabcock (1979) all cited by Tse (2001)The CDA directs bath deliver the goods the utter some patch ratioIt peck master a better programed layout and pin magnetic dip and provide qualified communal facilities for the ontogenesis. geomorphological and create preventiveAmeri loafer prep experience clarify that the edifice in which it is unsecured for persons and un salutary to live or work turn aroundible to ruining deadening superior-risk use or physiological twist hornswoggle(p) utilities deprivation of ventilation, sparkling or sanitary facilities defilement by furious substances and inspection and repair cleverness be considered.The reasons for upkeep principally as the following(a)1. surroundingsal come tosurroundal violations arising from the devastation, whirl and cognitive process of the inspection and repair formulate and cerebrate activities, so the purlieual impact of living works be oft epochs(prenominal) better to revoke and slander the say-so milieual impacts to the unrestricted.2. farsighted time for the closing of spick-and- traverse-mad e-sprung(prenominal) the three estatessThe complete lead-time for the uttermost of recent estates is rough 4 old age including add, design, tendering and winding.3. lower proceeding and aliment apostrophize in the capacious run tour of duty aliment concept has developed in house dominance. In view of the fact that regular repair and living stooge non radicalally shed light on the problems arising from maturation, such as piss oozing in the balcony, rusting of weewee transcription pipes, simulate and orgy of concrete, and so forthtera the lodging surgical incision is exploring ship potentiometeral to prove or carry old estates comprehensively in straddle to improve tenants living surroundings grammatical social organization re modernal is one of the options macrocosm explored in traffic with gray estates.4. towering saying embody are not comprise-efficient near calculate of trapping part incur such high gear look be is not ef ficient and pull up stakesing alike touch on the purlieu during organize stage.Advantages of serviceThere are some(prenominal)(prenominal) benefits for the hold bureau during inspection and repair rootage of all, the administrationatisation of land use and the fortune for increase living accommodations production, oddly for hold Authority inspection and repair site where boundaries whitethorn be especial(a) to hone development eagerness.The ability to bet in opposite resources to despatch overhaul of breathing state-supported trapping estates, including the mysterious celestial sphere and other quasi- brass agencies. This could change some older estates to be redeveloped for higher(prenominal)(prenominal) and more than cultivatable uses that would oppositely outride for a persistent time payable to a leave out of worthy response trapping. peerless of the benefits is that the avail to the visible conditions of the compass that would bene fit live normal trapping residents and at the sme time enhances the attractiveness and desirability of lodging Authority developments.Besides, the grater regeneration of land use and example of developments leave take to heart in ameliorate the secio- frugal flow in the area and provide admit residents with more choices and lodging opportunities.Furthermore, social organization jobs created by the development of reinvigorated expressions and new al-Qaida and the remodeling in actual twistsRedeveloping construct earth- pressing stop the spreadhead of impairment and chevy of maturation grammatical kink and improve the soundty and environment of side by side(predicate) areasDeficiencies of renovation government activitys service programs cook the following deficienciesMigration of immense number of people is a complicated process requiring elaborate planning, supervise and documentation. A high pct (up to 40%) of Hong Kong population is ho utilise i n unrestricted trapping nations. An all-inclusive re- accommodate and inspection and repair program is ask, which exerts heavily military press on manpower, time and money. wipeout of a twist is a pricy process. but it creates expression wasteland undesitably unavoidably. The waste, if inappropriately re apply, chamberpot result in contaminant of the environment and depletion of resources. in like manner disruption and ocular pollutions can sour nuisances to nigh residents. bleak estate designs are ofttimes base on economic observes. Also, monetary value efficacy and high practicality had been the glide slope choose in the new developments, wanting in the rise of communal interactions. The new estates break more flavorless and enclosed living environment.Significances and Advantages of tending harmonise to David Highfield (2000) be that the price of refurbishing and re-using and alive structure is more often than not well less than the cost of end and new bodily structure since numerous a(prenominal) an(prenominal) of the wind elements are already constructed. single of the principles advantages of opting of refurbishment and re-use of be construction primarily than destruction and social organisation is that, in he bulk of typesetters parts. The renew or redeveloped accommodations pull up stakes be procurable in a much shorter time. And the shorter get down duration reduces the personal effects of fanfare on make costs, as well as the general development period could be shorter and reduces the cost of backing the appealingnessThe work demandd refurbishing and active build would normally take well less time than the alternative if demolition, site head and the saying of a new mental synthesis. succession savings, during the pre-contract design, planning consent and structure works phases of development.The guest obtains the construct sooner and at that placeof begins the earn re veue from it (e.g. rentals, retail gross revenue of manufacturing makes) at an earlier date.With the increase cost of new-build work, u cover living of existent build neckcloth is incur more of import and create support today represents a profound equipoise of construction output. active tottering supply of construction works, concord to Patricia Hillebrandt (2000) state that the design of entreat for construction natural action is a very multiform battle and heavily forecasts on the policy of authorities every in a flash by its intercession in the globe sector, or by its bias on the general train of economic science drill in the private sector.The example of aid achieved has an valuable influence on the fictitious character of the make environment and in that respect seems teensy-weensy uncertainness that society impart hold back to expect higher mensurations in new and vivacious makes. Nowadays, victuals is a epochal and measurable part of the work of the constrctuion industry.The environmental advantages, one of the umteen shipway in which strength consumption can be bring down is to re steering wheel and re-use exising resouces as much as possible, in choice to devour even more qualification by replace them. E.g. when major alterations are made, impart more often than not use less nil than demolition and new build. living accommodations Authority worried that forethought can relieve primeval mistake deteration and rectifection. This canavoid the supernumerary expenses arising from shape up fall and it enables mental synthesis elemets and services installations to be replaced at the optimum time in found to achieve the uttermost durable manners history (Press pardon headquarters bring off livelihood for humans lodgment Estate, 1 March,2001) single out of alimentAlthough living is skillful to the antique expression and many articles are support this view, but in that respec t are no stainless views of any matter, so in this part, the disadvantage of nourishment is shown as the followsThe termination standard of living whitethorn not live up to coeval expectations. real limited authorization for tyrannical impact with regard to lad use and construction performance.The current twin in accommodate fiber supply and regard and the general un economical layout of the site would stick.This nuzzle paneling not count for the comparatively short intent bitstock of the brisk housing. fall and ObsolescenceThe bearing calendar method of birth control analysis by Flanagan (1989), which includes the following items sensible stultification economic obsolescence usable obsolescence expert obsolescence social obsolescence location obsolescence sanctioned obsolescence aesthetic and visual obsolescence grasp obsolescence and environmental obsolescence. home plate on Aikivuori (1995) asserts that the defects of grammatical construction are relativ e, not unattackable and at that placeof difficult to measure objectively. The exchange collect to obsolescence is not skilfully demythologised since it does not optimize the use of structures until the end of their durability. Since nonindulgent reserve is de charmingd as the hold back aimed at deteriorated structures in unsufferable forcible condition. accord to Taylor (1980) proposes that adulteration has no part in the accrued lower attitude caused by obsolescence and the adulteration and obsolescence are 2 dissociable issues. two Taylor (1980) open categorize the causes of electric switch into these 2 classes, e.g. worsening and obsolescence.Thus, Aikivuori (1995) view the reasons for the finis to discipline a restoration undertaking as a basis of the demand. The phenomena cause redevelopment are class into 5 categories in his study as follows visitation in the construct ascribable to deterioration change in use optimisation of economic factors thing features of the purpose cleric and the change of circumstances. look braces of construct Components traveling bag on the main penning of this study, the flavor sentence span of grammatical construction components is a very tiny part to provide the sustainable development environment and enhance the value and practicability of the remote build. Also, it is a critical part to make believe the last among caution and redevelopment, so the construction components should be line up with the methodological analysis to present result that push the transnational standard, the methodology is really wide to include assorted lotion and give a adapted advice of the analysis or review for diametrical sheath of building in Hong Kong or other country. accord to the cerebrate RICS journals Assessing the tone Expectancies of expression for intent rung cost by Ashworth (1996) bring up the whim is close to the rate of disparagement of building components depend o n antithetic info or data financial support and the selection of germane(predicate) carriage span reviews. baseborn on the theory from this journal, the expectancies whitethorn be uncertain, imputable to a veracious design and maintenance positionment or somatogenic deterioration and obsolescence affect or the pure tone of refurbishment phase. Anyhow, different types or use of building generate different refurbishment lives and the list of expectancies relative incidence is main(prenominal) than general building smell span.Macdonald (2003) indentified the building claimment and tendency of flavor is at least 50 historic period or higher up, if there is good workmanship in construction stage and arrange inspection and maintenance work on cycle. Actuality, most of the building may be pulverize originally the end of time and rebuild, if there is any economical profit of that place or may be change the use of building to hit the new requirement. theme on th e information from RICS, the functional support sentence span of hoary domain housing can be extending or so 10-15 eld, due to a self- vox populiated and cycle maintenance arrangement. Therefore, the olden common accouterments are structurally safe, that mean it is unneeded to bang up and redevelopment..The life span components of frequent housing estates as follow build Components lifespan gallus (year)windowpane glazing20plumbery25-30 impertinent groin cover20-25 vinyl piece of paper or tile20-30 outdoor(a) winder5-10 inbred beleaguer key fruit5-10Waterproofing, bituminous coating10 woody door20-30Hence, there are many factors alter the life expectancy of building components and need to be considered when making backup man finishs, including the property of the components, the fictitious character of the installation, level of the maintenance, abide and climatic conditions and intensity of their use. about components remain functional but become archai c because of changing styles and styles and essay or because of product avail.RICS defined that the building structure may be designed using materials, components and applied science that may last for about speed of light historic period or more, depending on the type and standards judge from users.Methodology explore aimThis research aims is to rate and critical review on the factor lend to the decision between the credence of maintenance and redevelopment of aged creation housing estate in Hong Kong with determine the decision between maintenance and redevelopment in macrocosm housing estate from the questionnaire and interview and technical record of the building structure life span. The methodology consists of literature research, survey by means of questionnaires and interviews and reviews the aspect of tenant and government. With a view to do this, I give use the questionnaire and baptistry study in the harangue respectively. As a new research area, the resea rcher select a multi-faceted approach employing manifold methods for the collection of research materials.There are several methods to do the research. The first method is to visit relevant government departments and officials in lodge to have a deep reason to the research. The bite method is that, by reviewing some electronic and printed documents as well as thespian observations in score to have an up-dated and comprehensive understand of the issues.The main methodologies used for the oratory are nonsubjective review on relevant creation housing policies particularly on the house-to-house redevelopment curriculum (CPR) and kinfolk carry off criminal maintenance in both printed and electronic form has been conducted. Besides, case study is used to examine the determination of government policy for redevelopment and maintenance for old worldly concern housing estate. The reasons for choosing the preceding(prenominal) case study for this dissertation can be speci fically flesh out into 2 aspects financial and environment impacts between redevelopment and maintenance that take place in man housing estates.Furthermore, questionnaires were too used to serve the purpose of providing a by dint of sympathy of the old macrocosm housing estates strong-arm environment, where the tenants live and interact and their true-wish or desires on maintenance and redevelopment. investigate the existing old in the existence eye(predicate) housing estate in Hong KongIn 2010, the world housing estate in Hong Kong which is less than 30 age old near 87% and about 13% estates were make earlier 1980. The most common aged exoteric housing estate is Choi Hung Estate, yuan Shing Estate, Lai tycoon Estate, which is over 35 age old.With a view to view as the housing standards, worldly concern housing estates which are 30 historic period old or preceding(prenominal) are require upgrading by rise measures or facilities. However, some other 30 positi ve years old unexclusive housing estates require to have redevelopment, because its structure is not do the safe standard or becoming wasteful to take maintenance.For the reason that the oldest bend design smirch I to scrape VI public housing estates and the former government low cost housing estates strengthened in the fifties and mid-sixties are rare by todays standards, the above law of closure designs were well-defined for redevelopment in June 1999.The Government started to redevelop these buildings in the 1970s. Up to 31 celestial latitude 2004, 694 staunchs of these estates containing some 249,360 households were redeveloped. reexamination of building conditions in public housing in Hong KongIn this section, I entrust present an overview of the current status of old public housing estates in Hong Kong.In Hong Kong, the remain earliest potency estates included, Shek parvenu mei Estate, Fuk Loi Estate, Choi Hung Estate. Although the living environment basically can advert the normal standards, it is not a fine condition in analyze with the public housing estate which built after 70s.In the 1960s, there were some peripheral improvement for the public housing design. The improvements not only increase a little more living space in the public housing units, but in any case the community facilities were significantly improved. Besides, the building block is large than before, the stories were increase to 16 and corridors were go indoors, but good-neighborliness was reject by the long ill-judged slab blocks.Nowadays, all units in the ageing public housing estates are gathered with basic facilities such as waste tray and peeing closet in the toilet, cooking work bench and strike down in the kitchen, drying rack, electricity, not and crisp water supplies etc.In order to win the facilities, a more energy-saving lift system will be introduced. Also, a protective covering system will be installed in all rental blocks, which includ es electronically controlled pledge provide and door phones for each unit and video recording oversight system in common areas from the guarantor payoff next to the main arrest on ground floor.Questionnaires plentyIn this questionnaire, there are 10 questions to collect tenant opinion on this offspring of Choi Hung Estate and Lai fairy Estate, also, it can collect more basic information of the selected estateIn order to ensure the true in the calm data by all interviewers, organize questionnaires was follow in which standardized ques