The Many Meanings of the German Verb Lassen

The Many Meanings of the German Verb Lassen Principal Parts: lassen, ließ, gelassen The German verb lassen is a very useful irregular (strong) verb with the basic meaning of to allow or to let. But it has many other meanings and is used often in everyday German. Common Verb Combinations The verb lassen is also found in several common verbal phrases. Under the new spelling rules, they are written as two words, although the old combined spelling is still accepted. A few examples: fallen lassen to drop, fahren lassen to abandon/give up (hope), stehen lassen to leave (standing). Below we examine this extremely versatile verb, which can have over a dozen different meanings in English (and German), depending on the context. However, one can reduce these many meanings of lassen into seven basic categories: to allow/letto get/have doneto cause/maketo leave (behind)a suggestion (Lets do something.)to cease/quit/stop (doing something)to be possible (reflexive, sich) The various specific meanings listed below will generally fall into one of these seven main categories. Each meaning has one or more German synonyms listed along with the English meaning. Lassen (erlauben, zulassen) English Meaning: to allow, letExamples: Sie lsst ihren Hund auf dem Bett schlafen. (She lets her dog sleep on the bed.) Das lasse ich mit mir nicht machen. (I wont stand for / put up with that. Lit., I wont allow that with me.) Lassen (veranlassen, helping verb, modal verb) English Meaning: to get/have doneExamples: Sie lassen sich scheiden. (Theyre getting a divorce.) Er hat sich die Haare schneiden lassen. (He got a haircut.) Lassen Sie Herrn Schmidt hereinkommen. (Please send Mr. Schmidt in.) Lassen (vorschlagen) English Meaning: to let (let me, lets)Examples: Lass uns gehen. (Lets go.) Lass ihn das machen. (Have / Let him do that.) Lassen (aufhà ¶ren, unterlassen) English Meaning: to stop, refrain from (doing something)Examples: Lassen Sie das! (Stop doing that! Leave that alone!) Er konnte es einfach nicht lassen. (He just couldnt resist it.) Sie kann das Rauchen nicht lassen. (She cant quit / give up smoking.) Lassen (stehen lassen, zurà ¼cklassen) English Meaning: to leave (sth somewhere)Examples: Bitte lass den Koffer stehen. (Please leave the suitcase [standing] where it is.) Lassen Sie sie nicht draußen warten. (Dont leave them waiting outside.) Lassen (à ¼briglassen) English Meaning: to leave (behind, over)Example: Die Diebe haben ihnen nichts gelassen. (The thieves cleaned them out / left them with nothing.) Lassen (nicht stà ¶ren) English Meaning: to leave alone, leave in peaceExample: Lass mich in Ruhe! (Leave me alone!) Lassen (bewegen) English Meaning: to put, place, run (water)Examples: Hast du ihm Wasser in die Wanne gelassen? (Did you run his bath water?) Wir lassen das Boot zu Wasser. (Were putting out the boat/putting the boat into the water.) Lassen (zugestehen) English Meaning: to grant, admitExample: Das muss ich dir lassen. (Ill have to grant you that.) Lassen (verlieren) English Meaning: to loseExample: Er hat sein Leben dafà ¼r gelassen. (He laid down his life for that.) Lassen (mà ¶glich sein, reflexive) English Meaning: to be possibleExamples: Hier lsst sich gut leben. (One can live well here.) Das Fenster lsst sich nicht à ¶ffnen. (The window wont open. The window cant be opened.) Das lsst sich nicht leicht beweisen. (That wont be easy to prove.) Lassen (verursachen) English Meaning: to cause, make (sb do sth)Example: Die Explosion ließ ihn hochfahren. (The explosion made him jump.) Idioms and Expressions With Lassen blau anlaufen lassento temper (metal)sich blicken lassento show ones faceeinen lassento cut one, let one rip (vulgar)die Kirche im Dorf lassento not get carried away, not over-do it (leave the church in the village)jdn im Stich lassento leave sb holding the bag, leave sb in the lurchkeine grauen Haare darà ¼ber wachsen lassento not lose any sleep over sthkein gutes Haar an jdm/etw lassento pick sb/sth apart / to pieces Compound Verbs Based on Lassen ablassen (sep.) to drain, empty, let outanlassen (sep.) to start (motor), leave on (clothes)auslassen (sep.) to omit, leave out; vent, let outbelassen (insep.) to leave (in place), leave at that (dabei)entlassen (insep.) to discharge, dismiss, lay offà ¼berlassen (insep.) to hand over, turn over tounterlassen (insep.) to omit, not do, refrain from doing​verlassen (insep.) to abandon, leave behindzerlassen (insep.) to melt, dissolve (cooking)zulassen (insep.) to grant, permit

Best Schools for Children with Aspergers Syndrome

Best Schools for Children with Aspergers Syndrome In recent years, more and more children have been diagnosed with autism or autistic spectrum disorders, including high-functioning autism or Aspergers Syndrome. Students who are non-verbal generally need special-education settings, but when it comes to educating those students who are high functioning yet still on the autistic spectrum, it can often be harder to find the appropriate learning environment due to their specific needs both in and out of the classroom. How Aspergers Students Learn Students with Aspergers or high-functioning autism may seem gifted in certain areas, and many of these children are quite bright. By definition, they have above-average intelligence, and they may also show talents such as a well-developed vocabulary or the ability to do math. Aspergers kids often also have an area of great interest, which may be in a restricted area, such as subway cars or certain kinds of animals. However, they may need a great deal of structure and routine, and they may react negatively to changes in schedules. They tend to have trouble making transitions, and they may need advanced warning when their schedules are going to change, as change can be a trigger that negatively impacts their abilities to cope with a situation. They may also have sensory issues that make them sensitive to loud noises or to smells or textures. Finally, many students with Aspergers have difficulty communicating about their wants and needs. Even though their vocabularies may be sophisticat ed, they may struggle with the practical aspects of language. The Accommodations Aspergers Students Need While Aspergers students are often bright, they may need accommodations or changes in their curriculum or classroom, including changes that are reflected in their Individual Education Plan, or IEP. While public schools are required to grant students with learning issues or other disabilities accommodations, private and parochial schools that do not receive public funding are not required to grant students these accommodations. However, with the proper documentation, including a professional evaluation, private schools may often grant students certain accommodations that can help these students handle the curriculum. Aspergers students may require accommodations such as speech and language therapy to improve their ability to communicate and to help them understand when to use pragmatic expressions such as how are you? They may also need occupational therapy for autism, which helps them make sense of the information coming in through their senses and integrate it. Occupational and speech and language therapists can also help students with Aspergers play better with other kids and understand how to navigate the classroom. In addition, students with Aspergers may benefit from counseling to help them process their emotions. Best Placement for Students with Aspergers Aspergers students can thrive in a range of schools, and to determine the best school you may need the assistance of an educational consultant who has experience working with students with special needs, including Aspergers. Some students may do well in a mainstream private or public school setting, with additional services such as counseling or occupational or speech and language therapy provided in school or outside of school. Other students may benefit from placement in a special education school. There are schools designed to meet the needs of students with autistic spectrum disorder; some special-education schools are for lower-functioning kids, while others are for higher-functioning kids. Placing a higher-functioning child with Aspergers requires parents to visit the school to make sure that the school can offer the right academic program. Often, special-education schools are so small that they can offer individualized instruction to meet the needs of a child with Aspergers. In other words, these types of schools can offer a student a higher-level class in an area in which he or she excels, such as math, while still providing other services the child requires, such as speech and language therapy, occupational therapy, counseling, and social skills training to help students improve their ability to interact with other children and teachers. With these types of services, students with Aspergers and other forms of autistic spectrum disorders can often be very successful in school.

International Business in the Emerging Markets Essay

International Business in the Emerging Markets - Essay Example The magnitude of this flow of capital is momentous, and although there are well-defined reasons for this trend it has caught many by surprise.† The increase in FDI investment has mostly been in East Asia and the Pacific, Latin America and the Caribbean, regions of Europe, and Central Asia. This means Africa and other parts of the world did not receive much in terms of FDI. The effect this has on the poorer nation is that it keeps their currency low and the amount of available jobs are low as well as the economy being flat. The effect on the countries that receive investments are a higher foreign exchange reserve, more jobs, and a higher GDP. (2) China’s energy policy and its impact on developing countries in Africa and Asia. China is now the greatest energy consuming country in the world, surpassing the US based on the IEA (International Energy Agency) findings. Although Chinese officials dispute that the country is responsible for 2.25 billion tons of energy consumption , the country did admit to stockpiling oil when there is a lull in purchasing. China is also the leading gas emitter so it makes sense that China would be the largest consumer of energy. Also China spends the most amount of money on green technology. China has such a desire to dominate the oil market that is has gone against sanctions in order to invest in Iran. This means that not only are the Chinese going against what the world is trying to accomplish but also are strengthening the Iranian mindset of misinformation. Due to the fact that Chinese officials focus on controlling demand of gas by emphasizing price impacts the developing countries like Africa and Asia because the prices in these two countries are much higher than what would be in China. Why? Well first of all purchasing from Iran would lower prices but also being a major buyer in the market can allow for more pressure on the market. In Africa there is little pressure on the market for energy and Asia outside of China's consumption has a much lower energy demand. By cornering the market with the U.S, China is essentially decreasing the likelihood that Asia and Africa will ever be able to afford the energy costs. Even if these countries can afford it, are the citizens willing to pay for this consistently, or will they tire of high energy prices? The effect on Africa and some parts of Asia will be a lack of the supply of energy and therefore power outages, inability to drive cars, and issues of this nature. As a NY Times article states: â€Å"Power blackouts — â€Å"load shedding,† in utility jargon — are hardly novel in sub-Saharan Africa, where many electricity grids remain chewing-gum-and-baling-wire affairs. Even so, this year is different. Perhaps 25 of the 44 sub-Saharan nations face crippling electricity shortages, a power crisis that some experts call unprecedented. The causes are manifold: strong economic growth in some places, economic collapse in others, war, poor pl anning, population booms, high oil prices and drought have combined to leave both industry and residents short of power when many need it most.† These outages can be crippling for small businesses such as farms, and production companies. Factories would have to build another day and the company loses because they are unable to meet their obligations. (3) The drivers of globalization amid the current financial crisis. Before we can talk about globalization we must

Violent Crimes And Major Thefts Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Violent Crimes And Major Thefts - Case Study Example Other than the national street gangs, there are other local street gangs found in the rural, suburban and urban areas. Such local gangs pose an increasing threat to the locals as they are responsible for transporting and distribution of drugs in specific areas. In order to gain respect from their rivals, local street gangs imitate the more powerful national gangs which is one cause of street gang fights that keep recurring. Notably, such gangs continue to pose domestic threats to all their neighborhoods. Therefore, there is a probability that these gangs will increase their illegal operations to the US from their international suppliers. Similarly, it is probable that such gangs will increase their relationships with the international criminal organizations and drug trafficking organizations as a way of obtaining access to the global market for illegal businesses. This paper outlines why street gangs are dangerous sections in any society and therefore, state, federal and local govern ment should not hesitate in curbing them. As a result of the increase in the number of street gangs, the Federal Bureau of Investigations continues to play a major role in combating violent crimes and thefts in all cities and towns in US. The FBI works in conjunction with other agents such as the state and local partners, who are involved in the investigation as well as a joint task force. This ensures that the fight against gangs is made possible since one organ cannot fight the crimes by itself (Curry, Ball, & Fox, 2014). Other than investigations, these anti-gang groups look at the bigger picture through analyzing trends and threats from the criminal groups and sharing that intelligence with all their partners. Such strategies enable the involved officer to recognize as well as understand the exact assignment they have to complete or are ongoing. The spread of street gangs has been attributed to lack of sharing information by the officers in charge or poor communication by the

Pony Trap Essay Example for Free

Pony Trap Essay Susan Hill the creator of the woman in black , successfully creates fear through out her novel. It comes in ebbs and flows by using different techniques throughout to build up the tension. This book is a gothic horror which is a new genre but using the traditional horror aspects, one of the first books in the categories is’ The castle of Otranto’ published in 1767. They are typified by their dark, lachrymose atmosphere of hatred and fear. Hill used many traditional techniques such as the stereotypical use of pathetic fallacy reflecting the dark mood. The setting as its deserted and away from society, isolation , a ghost with hauntings all follow the conventional aspects. However the modern twist to hills novel is that the characters are unconvential, as in the normal gothic story the man is the scary character haunting a venerable or innocent young woman such as in’ Dracula’ he suck blood from all sweet caring ladies. Unlike in this case there is a ambitious young man being haunted by a revengeful young woman. From this the tension from new and old ways combine to create a heart pumping book which fear deeply impacts the reader. Fear is created in many ways in the chapter ‘The Sound of the Pony trap’ and many other chapters. The chapter† the sound of the pony trap† creates and builds fear and tension through out using a climax technique. Similar to other chapters in the novel it is developed throughout with no clear resolution at the end. In this chapter Hill uses pathetic fallacy frequently to make a prediction what is going to happen next, as Arthurs mood reflect the weather. At the beginning of the chapter he describes the feeling trying to get back the causeway as’, as the weather is really bad you are expecting this night to be a bad one and develop the scene of fear, from the Woman In Black. However after Keckwick arrives to pick up Kipps at 2am the weather was described as ‘all was so changed’. This shows that the mood to Kipps is so relived to see Keckwick to save him so the weather reflects his thoughts. Then finally the main element to the developing aspect of fear is haunting. These parts where the Woman in Black haunts Kipps are the moments when a cold feeling runs through the readers body and start to panic a little. The main haunting in this chapter is the sound of the pons trap and over all this is the most fearful part that distressed Kipps the most. The woman in black puts sounds in his head as a cart has over turned in the marshes and they are drowning so shouting for help with the cry off a child’s voice. After ‘an outburst of helpless sobbing’ , he was so overwhelmed by this a grown man cried over it. The haunting of the woman in black really breaks Kipps and this is the detrition of the man in till he becomes ill with fright. Fear is created, as hill shows how it effected Kipps and this is the part where the reader starts to feel afraid and fear is created.

Merchant of Venice: The Effects of Cross-Dressing Essay -- Masculinity

Shakespeare challenges the assumption that men hold more power than women do. He subtly hints that the power men posses is superficial when Jessica dresses like a boy, and later when Nerissa and Portia disguise themselves as men in The Merchant of Venice. Masculinity is merely a costume that can be donned or doffed at will; therefore its associated power can be removed and redistributed as well. Shakespeare emphasizes gender barriers, yet also challenges them to show their inconsistencies. In court, the Duke articulates the common assumption that men represent the educated and professional members of society. As he anticipates the arrival of the "young learned doctor" (IV i143), he asks, "Where is he?" (IVi 144). The Duke has not yet read the letter from Bellario; therefore he infers that the doctor is a man based on a preconceived prejudice that doctors usually are male. Nerissa and Portia are well aware of this discrimination, so they take on the roles of men rather than disguise themselves as other women when they appear in court. They succeed in fooling everyone at Shylock’s trial that they are men, not women, thus dispute the gender barrier that presumes women are not sophisticated enough to be experts. Gratiano suggests that no barriers lie between the sexes when he refers to Jessica as a "gentle" (II vi 51). He puns on the word, which can mean a refined lady or a gentleman, implying that the two can be indistinguishable. In the final scene when Portia questions Bassanio about his ring, he declares, "No woman had it, but a civil doctor"(V i210). He suggests that the two could not represent the same person. As he continues to speak, he reinforces gender differences; he describes Portia as "sweet" and "good" then refers t... ... influence that Nerissa now has over him. Shakespeare subtly addresses gender disputes and overwhelmingly proves them erroneous. He allows Jessica, Portia, and Nerissa to cross gender lines and disguise themselves as men. While they are transformed, their actions exemplify masculine deceit. Portia makes Balthasar seem excellent, therefore proves that women can surpass men in intellect. The women ultimately challenge male power and honor with their reluctance to act as men. After proving that men do not always posses more power than women do, Shakespeare concludes the play with a scene that physically shows females with the upper hand. The women use masculinity merely as a costume, and when they "remove it" they retain power, thus prove that the two are not always coupled. Works Cited Shakespeare. Merchant of Venice. New York: Viking Penguin, 1965. Â  

Regenerative Battery For Human Electric Hybrid Bicycle Engineering Essay

In this study, a proposed undertaking, the human-electric intercrossed bike, besides known as â€Å" Pedelec † driven chiefly by human bicycling force with extra aid force from the battery powered electric motor that has a regenerative power characteristic during worsening inclines.IntroductionCars have ever been indispensable for people populating in metropoliss as a signifier of transit to transport out their day-to-day modus operandi. Harmonizing to the International Organization of Motor Vehicle Manufacturers, a astonishing figure of 77,609,901 autos and commercial vehicles were produced in the twelvemonth 2010. A 25.8 per centum alteration comparison to the old twelvemonth ( OICA, 2011 ) . Based on a research study of the Fifth U.S. Climate Action Report, transit activities contribute 33 per centum of the universe ‘s emanation of C dioxide in 2007 and about up to sixty per centum of emanation came from the burning of crude oil from personal transit ( U.S. Climate Ac tion Report, 2010 ) . Consequently, it is without uncertainty, autos are one of the major causes of planetary warming due to the emanation of green house gasses. Presently, intercrossed and electrical vehicles seems to be the leading solution to counter the job that arises from gasoline powered cars without extinguishing its advantages. However, electrical powered vehicles have its ain disadvantages as it requires a certain sum of bear downing clip. On the other manus, electric bike are doing immense moving ridges among town communities because it is less strenuous comparison to the standard bike, therefore, enable users to go longer distance without utilizing much energy. Amount of clip needed for bear downing still arises in electric bikes. The Regenerative Battery for Pedelecs on worsening terrains is able to work out the job by enabling the user to automatically bear down the bike battery during declivitous inclines.Literature ReviewElectric bike, Hybrid Bicycle and Human-Electr ic Bicycles or Pedelecs have merely late go a world-wide phenomenon due to the rise in crude oil monetary values. The engineering of these types of bikes is still comparative new and research popularity has simply get downing to lift in the past recent old ages. Therefore, there is deficiency of research documents and literature available in the country of intercrossed or electric bike in scholarly diaries or professional organisation such as the IEEE. The undermentioned literature reappraisal evaluates on eleven scholarly diaries to clarify the engineering involved in developing electric, Hybrid or Pedelecs bikes and its public presentation features. Among the 11 diaries included, a study by Muetze and Tan ( 2007 ) gave a elaborate and organized study based on the word picture of electric bike, both theoretically and by experimentation. The study includes every bit good the demands of different public presentations ideal for electric bikes and obstructions faced to back it. Regulations and safety factors for electrics bikes in states such as Japan, Europe, China and United States are outlined. Research was done to detect the advantages and disadvantages of proficient public presentations for different portion type of the bikes such as the aid type, motor, motor assembly, motor arrangement, accelerator and battery type. The study besides includes a power over velocity graph collected from consequences collected with different parametric quantities such as the influence of weight, influence of the incline and influence of air current. Consequences gathered from the study is able to supply a guideline for developing an electric bike suitable for the market tendency and better the public presentations of electric bikes for future developments. While the appraisal on the public presentation of electric bike is indispensable, energy direction excessively must be given consideration. Morchin ( 1998 ) identifies the energy consumed by electric bike and emanation of green houses gasses can be reduced by two methods. Such facets can be achieved by optimising the evaluations of the battery and engine while presenting power end product by each beginning under expected drive conditions ( Morchin, 1998 ) . In the study, an on-board â€Å" energy director † was mounted on an electric bike to track the energy degree in the battery and efficaciously split tonss between the battery and the engine. The Langrange ‘s theorem was used to cipher the energy consumed under impacting parametric quantities of air retarding force, hill inclines and clash. However, the survey done merely applies to electric powered bikes and non for intercrossed bikes or Pedelecs. Research can be done to widen for assorted types of bikes and different type of terrains. The term â€Å" intercrossed † used in the paper is instead deceptive because the paper focuses on to the full electric bike while the term â€Å" intercrossed bike † frequently refers a bike that runs on both crude oil gas and electricity or human pedal force with a battery powered motor. In a related research on power direction in electric aided bike, Brand and Ertugrul ( 2007 ) examines and discover that an in-hub direct thrust located on the front wheel of the bike could give better public presentation by electric braking and stable manoeuvring. Furthermore, the study conducted experiments on 17 riders from different classs. All riders are equally divided based on gender, weight, age, regular and irregular bicycler. The study is comprehensive and able to confirm the effectivity of the in-hub direct thrust. Additionally, the study dressed ore on measuring siting conditions of assorted type of rider group to find the optimal power demand and does no focal points on planing an option for electric bikes. It is noted in the study that aerodynamic streamlining and development of a high efficiency inverter can be a farther developed from the study. Most of the survey done about electric bikes revolves around the battery storage system. Solutions may compromise of electric regeneration ( Liu et al. , 2008 ) ; ( Somchaiwong & A ; Ponglangka, 2006 ) , or petroleum-electric bike ( Nagendran & A ; Senthil, 2010 ) ; ( Xiong, et al. , 2010 ) . Liu, et al. , ( 2008 ) designed four regenerative braking schemes by turning mechanical energy into electrical energy to widen the battery life-span. Matlab and Simulink were used to make a theoretical account of the electric motorcycle and the four proposed regenerative braking schemes. The four braking control schemes are Most Feedback Power ( MFP ) , Most System Efficiency ( MSE ) , Fixed Torque Control Strategy ( FTC ) and Fixed Feedback Current Control ( FFC ) ( Liu, et al. , 2008 ) . Clear description and illustration were given on all the four purposed schemes. The study illustrates theoretically utilizing computing machine simulations and there were no paradigm physique or practical expe riment conducted with bike users. Alternatively, Somchaiwong and Ponglangka ( 2006 ) proposed a regenerative power control system to work out the increase of rhythm velocity of motor that are excess for illustration, during a declivitous way. The research experiments on the relationship between the electromotive forces supplied and motor velocity. The consequence shows that if the rhythm motor runs on the specific velocity demand, the motor would in bend generate a specific end product electromotive force. Another prevailing solution battery jobs faced in electric bikes are petroleum-electric intercrossed bikes. Nagendran and Senthil ( 2010 ) proposed a Hybrid Bicycle with Three Speed Transmission System to work out jobs faces in current electric bikes. The purposed thought of the intercrossed bike tallies on both electric and crude oil to reload the bike ‘s battery storage system. An added characteristic to the purposed thought is a three velocity cogwheel for effectual control the velocity of the motor and IC ( Internal Combustion ) engine. The bike runs like an ordinary electric bike on Phase One. When the battery storage system is depleted, the motor would so runs on the internal burning engine. A Change Over is installed to link and disconnects the motor from the IC engine or vice-versa. A shaft coupling is used to link the concatenation thrust while a concatenation thrust is used to obtain balance of the bike. The research does non exemplify the practical building of the th ree velocity transmittal system. In a related subject, Liu, et al. , designed a LPG ( Liqufied Petroleum Gas ) – electric intercrossed bike that is able to run on to the full engine driven, to the full electric motor driven or intercrossed manner. Due to infinite restriction in the bike a four-stroke flicker ignition LPG engine power system is introduced in the research. The gasolene engine was modified into a LPG engine by increasing the compaction ratio, enlarging the flicker progress angle and increasing the ignition energy. The research besides includes the design of the transmittal system and control system of the intercrossed bike. A paradigm of the design was developed and several trials were conducted on metropolis traffic conditions. While most surveies focuses on a individual bike type such as electric bike or Pedelecs, Indulal & A ; Nair ( 2007 ) incorporates both types of bike and the execution of Fuzzy Logic as a control system. The bike runs on three different manners, Manual Mode, Power Mode and Automatic Mode. Manual Mode works like an ordinary where pedalling is required with no excess aid. Power Mode to the full runs on electricity and does non necessitate any paddling while Automatic Mode provides electric aid on top of manual pedalling. Fuzzy Logic is implemented to supply comfy equitation and sufficient thrust aid under any conditions. After the completion of the design, arrays of inputs were fed to the Fuzzy Logic Controller utilizing Matlab Simulation to analyze the end products. Consequences from the simulation found that the public presentation of the system over assorted conditions were acceptable. The research states that the design can be farther extended into larger vehicles. To optimise the potency of battery storage system, Sousa, et al. , ( 2007 ) developed an electronic convertor powered by two type power supplies, the battery and ace capacitances. Batteries are the primary storage while capacitances are used to avoid deep discharging of the battery and as a backup storage. In this research, supercapacitors are used alternatively and can able to function as a primary storage beginning. The developed system was built on the electric bike and consequences were gathered. A determination circuit is needed because the design is capable in increasing the liberty of electric vehicles to avoid high current extremum and fast discharges of the batteries. The research unfastened doors for future work such as bettering power circuit to increase efficiency and analyze the liberty by changing the function of the battery and supercapacitor. Coates and Charkey ( 2002 ) states that batteries proving on Sealed Nickel-Zinc Batteries are conducted for electric bike appli cations because it provides the same sum of energy with half the weight comparison to the standard lead-acid batteries. Hsu, et al. , ( 2011 ) poses a solution to supply comfort and safety step in different types of Pedelecs siting environment while optimising the public presentation of the battery. The quality of siting conditions can be improved by get the better ofing three forces of nature, air retarding force, clash and hill retarding force. The key to the solution is the bicycling power and entire power of the needed power should be changeless and sufficient extra power is provided to get the better of any of the three forces. The design is besides able to work out instability job in Pedelecs when the motor suddenly occurs by maintaining the instantaneous acceleration of the aided power be kept within the Safety Zone and Comfort Zone. Real environment simulation scenarios were conducted on different route types and pedal force in urban countries. Consequences confirms the design has better energy use comparison to bing conventional and delta acquisition regulation based assisted power methods. T he study provides room for farther research on work outing the method to automatically set the motor to the different type of physical conditions of the riders. After the rating of all the 11 diaries, it can be concluded that most of the diaries focuses on work outing the jobs presently faced by electric bike that provide deficient energy in the battery storage and deficient power aid. There are ample room for farther development on electric bikes and Pedelecs because it engineering is comparatively new. Further research done on this country would profit societies populating in urban country to be used as a signifier of environmental friendly transit as opposed to conventional autos and bikes.Problem StatementBased on old research done on electric bikes, most surveies concur that the depletion of crude oil and the rise in the emanation of nursery gasses are the factor that contribute to the promotion of electric bikes ( Brand & A ; Ertugrul, 2007 ; Hsu, et al. , 2011 ; Indulal & A ; Nair, 2007 ; Morchin, 1998 ; Nagendran & A ; Senthil, 2010 ; Sousa, et al. , 2007 ; Xiong, et al. , 2010 ) . In malice of this, there are still plenty of room fo r farther development and sweetening in the country of electrical bikes. The battery storage system incorporated in electric bikes provides deficient energy for long distance travels and does non transport self-charging capablenesss ( Coates & A ; Charkey, 2002 ; Nagendran & A ; Senthil, 2010 ) . Electric assisted bikes or Pedelecs confront jobs such as an disconnected drive force when the motor is triggered ( Hsu, et al. , 2011 ) .Undertaking BackgroundThe undertaking focuses on bettering the overall public presentation of electric aided bike or Pedelecs. Since there is a demand on electric bikes, it would be good for society and concern organisation to inscribe the development of Pedelecs. In a study by Time News, most electric bikes run on lead-acid batteries and are unsuitable for the lifting demands of day-to-day transit ( Ramsy, 2009 ) . Numerous solutions were established by assorted applied scientists and organisations to counter these jobs. Some research workers focus on th e regeneration of electricity from external beginnings ( Somchaiwong & A ; Ponglangka, 2006 ; Xiong, et al. , 2010 ) . While some dressed ore on utilizing typical signifiers of power direction ( Brand & A ; Ertugrul, 2007 ; Hsu, et al. , 2011 ; Morchin, 1998 ; Nagendran & A ; Senthil, 2010 ) . For the proposed Regenerative Battery for Pedelecs undertaking, it confronts both of these methods to work out the battery jobs that arise from conventional electrical bike. In add-on to replacing autos to cut down the emanation of nursery gasses, the regenerative power during a worsening gradient reduces the dependence on electricity. The coevals of electricity from Independent Power Producers ( IPP ) indirectly affect the environment. For case, the building of Hydroelectric Plant requires big countries peculiarly in distant countries and significant measures of fossil fuels are used to power up machineries ( McKinney, et al. , 2007 ) . The natural home ground, place to both vegetations and z oologies would be destroyed in the procedure. The proposed regenerative power is designed to cut down the power ingestion in the battery storage while supplying rechargeable power supply at the same clip. The regenerative power incorporated in the design would be able to work out issues associating to the deficient power in the battery storage system. It would be able to spread out the life rhythm of the battery for longer distance travels. Most electric bike proprietors today complain that electric bikes do non supply sufficient power aid. The latest Pedelecs today has power-assistance during hill mounting or on irregular surface roads to supply the extra encouragement without holding the rider to exercise much force. However, Hsu, et al. , ( 2011 ) states that there are deficient power aid to get the better of three forces, air retarding force, clash and hill retarding force. Air retarding force and clash does non necessitate much power comparison to hill retarding force. The moto r of the power aid provides adequate force to get the better of hill retarding force, clash or air drag while the bicycling power by the rider remains changeless. This would be enable riders to conserve energy for longer equitation. Most seniors find that conventional bikes are strenuous and unsafe. Therefore, some seniors would instead remain in the comfort of their places without acquiring much exercising and fresh air. Pedalecs would be able to promote seniors to get the better of their fright towards conventional bikes. In urban town countries, acquiring out purchasing some food markets would sometimes be a fuss particularly if the food market store is non within walking distance. Most people today would instead drive their auto out to purchase some fruits and veggies or to bring the day-to-day newspaper. It is a really unhealthy wont that began to attest among the town citizens. Little did they know that acquiring fresh air by cycling or taking a day-to-day amble would better the wellbeing of the individual and reduces wellness hazard such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Harmonizing to a Congressional Report, less than one trip in one hundred per centum is by bike ( Congress, 2002 ) . The study besides mentioned that frequent motorcycle trips would besides bring around the dependence of tobacco users and alkies. Regenerative braking in electric bikes is deriving popularity excessively. The Panasonic Vivi RX 10-S characteristics a braking system that recharges a 10AH Li-ion secondary hitter located following to rise up wheel of the bike ( Toto, 2008 ) . Liu, et al. , ( 2008 ) mentioned that braking control can be used to change over mechanical energy to electric energy by bettering battery life-span. Using the same theory, the proposed design is able to do usage of hilly countries to bring forth electricity. Since no energy is needed for bike traveling downhill, the bike still moves downwards due to the forces of gravitation. For certain instances, with the regenerative power, braking is non required because the regenerator is able to cut down the velocity of the overall bike while traveling downhill.MethodologyThe range of this research is divided into five phases. The clip range of the undertaking is expected to be completed in 9 months. Research At the beginning of the Final Year Undertaking, intensive research on the country of electric bikes must be done before designing of the undertaking takes topographic point. Research would be an explanatory research in the beginning to obtain an overview on the research country and to detect options to the research aim. Evaluation on other research documents done to place the new developments in engineering and suites for farther surveies is noted. Solutions can be developed by admiting the job faced by the society today. Qualitative Research such as studies and Questionnaires can be conducted to place the current job faced for farther development. This is of import because the success of a merchandise is determined by run intoing the demand of society today. Brainstorming Sessionss are required after the gathered information is evaluated to find the feasibleness of the undertaking and to get assorted options to the job. This phase is expected to finish within a month. Design The designing procedure takes topographic point after the rating of the collected information is finalised. A basic construct should be achieved at this phase. All the cognition on mechanics, electronics and scheduling is required to plan the proposed thought. Computer simulations are to be usage to design and prove the feasibleness of the thought. Autodesk Inventor can be used to build the model and supply a ocular overview of the bike. Matlab and Labview can be used in the scheduling development of the regenerative power system. Computer simulations are used before the building of the bike to virtually imitating the design while cut downing unneeded outgo. This phase is expected to finish in 2 months. Execution The execution phase involves constructing the paradigm based on the finalized design. A conventional bike is required as the chief construction of the design. Motor, Lithium Ion Battery and Transmission System is needed to modify the bike into an electrical-assisted bike. Torque Sensors, Slope Sensors or Tilt Sensors are installed to feel when the motor is needed. The Slope or Tilt Detectors can be replaced by Apple Application known as Gyroscope for an excess appealing characteristic. Additional hardware such as a state-of-charge index, power check hub and throttle switch can be added subsequently on. This phase is expected to finish in 3 months. Testing The proving stage involves the practical appraisal on the now to the full built bike. Assorted trials would be performed to find the public presentation of the full system. Two types of proving can be conducted, laboratory testing and field testing. Laboratory proving involves a set of variables such as power, efficiency, rhythm velocity, life-span of the rechargeable battery and the motor. For field testing, a laptop with a PCMIA card is incorporated to the system to get the information. The proving would affect around 20 voluntaries from different age group, gender, weight and physical fittingness degree. All voluntaries have to travel through a predetermine way with different type of terrain in an urban country. The laptop is used to enter informations such as bicycling torsion, bike velocity and applied power. The information collected is to be used to measure the public presentation of the system. A set of feedback signifiers could be given out at the terminal of the proving to estimate the satisfactory degree of each voluntary towards the system. This phase is expected to finish in 2 months. Report Report authorship is to be conducted at the terminal of all the four phases. The range and design procedure in constructing the system are to be complied. The information collected are tabulated in graph and figures to exemplify the results. This phase is expected to finish within month. Restrictions There is some restriction that would be encountered in the procedure of implementing the system. Budget constrain would be a factor due to the dearly-won hardware needed to build the bike. A life-size paradigm is more appropriate because a smaller-scale paradigm would non be functioning its intent. In a newspaper study by The Star, due to safety issues, electric bikes may be taken off the route if the Cabinet accepts a recommendation from the Transport Ministry ( Kong, 2011 ) . If the amendment of censoring electric bike is implemented throughout the state ; it may besides impact the field-testing of the system.Research AimsThis survey embarks on the undermentioned aims: To bring forth an environmental friendly transit as an option to petrol ingestion autos To work out instability issues affecting the disconnected acceleration when the motor is turned on To supply an alternate regenerative power on worsening inclines to lengthen the life-span of the battery storage system To better the overall public presentation to Pedelecs that are available in the market today To plan a signifier of transit for suited in dense populated urban countriesResearch QuestionWhat are the current impact on the environment and ways to work out the job? What are the current issues faced by electric bike? What add-on or alternate regenerative power can be installed to conventional electric bikes? What can be done to appeal to the market section to purchase the merchandise? How to work out issues affecting unhealthy wonts of the society by trusting on autos for short distance travels?Significance of the UndertakingThe proposed regenerative bike would be able to function as a stepping rock for farther development on electric assisted bikes. Surveies by other researches can be done by mentioning of the design system used and the information collected. Restrictions and jobs identified can be solved by future research. The proposed design hopes to significantly cut down the emanation of nurseries gasses emitted by gasoline goaded autos. If the design meets the demands of the society, industries would get down bring forthing more electrical assisted-bicycle which in return, reduces the market monetary value of the system to make out to all sections of the society.Expected ConsequencesThe expected result of this undertaking is to successfully develop a working existent size electrical aid bike paradigm capable of change overing mechanical energy to electrical energy. From the undertaking, fresh theories can be established that would indirectly profit other countries of scientific disciplines. Furthermore, the theories presented would take to implementation for future possible applications. The tabular matters of informations collected from the undertaking is to besides promote possible research workers particularly budget constrain research workers to prosecute in the country of electric powered vehicles. A stable managing electrical assisted bike is expected to be built to supply safe and comfy siting experience. In return, physically fit or unphysical tantrum riders would be able to make full the joy of siting a bike for going or recreational usage. The design and engineering incorporated in the undertaking is expected to appeal to the society and supply as an option to autos and bikes. This would straight cut down C footmark and slower the procedure of planetary heating.

Cesare Lombroso

Cesare Lombroso was the founder of the Italian School of Positivist Criminology. He rejected the established Classical School, which held that crime was a characteristic trait of human nature and that rational choices were the foundation of behavior. Lombroso, using a scientific approach and concepts drawn from physiognomy, early eugenics, psychiatry, and Social Darwinism, argued that criminality was inherited, and that the â€Å"born criminal† could be identified by physical defects, which confirmed a criminal as â€Å"savage,† or â€Å"atavistic. While his particular identifying characteristics are no longer considered valid, the idea of factors that predispose certain individuals to commit crime continues to be foundational to work in criminology. Together with his emphasis on the scientific method, this revolutionary approach has earned Lombroso the title â€Å"father† of scientific criminology He was later forced to considerably alter his views after extens ive study of the phenomenon of Eusapia Palladino, a famous spiritualist. He later wrote, â€Å"I am ashamed and grieved at having opposed with so much tenacity the possibility of the so-called spiritistic facts.Cesare Lombroso was famous in the nineteenth century because he claimed to have discovered the cause of crime and wrote books. In these books, Lombroso claimed that anatomical investigations of the post mortem bodies of criminals revealed that they were physically different from normal people. He maintained that criminals have stigmata (signs), and that these stigmata consist of abnormal dimensions of the skull and jaw. Lombroso even claimed that different criminals have different physical characteristics which he could discern.In time, and under the influence of his son-in-law, Guglielmo Ferrero, Lombroso included the view that social factors were also involved in the causation of crime and that all criminality is not inborn. â€Å"Born criminals† were thus viewed by in his earliest writings as a form of human sub-species. In his later writings, however, he began to regard them less as evolutionary throwbacks and more in terms of arrested development and degeneracy. He popularized the notion of a â€Å"born criminal† through biological determinism criminals have particular physiognomic attributes or deformities.Physiognomy attempts to estimate character and personality traits from physical features of the face or the body. In Lombroso's view, whereas most individuals evolve, the violent criminal had devolved, and therefore constituted a societal or evolutionary regression. He concentrated on a purported scientific methodology in order to identify criminal behavior and isolate individuals capable of the most violent types of crime. He advocated the study of individuals using measurements and statistical methods in compiling anthropological, social, and economic data.With successive research and more thorough statistical analysis, he modif ied his theories. He continued to define atavistic stigmata, and in addition, he identified two other types of criminal: the insane criminal, and the â€Å"criminaloid. † Although insane criminals bore some stigmata, they were not born criminals; rather they became criminal as a result â€Å"of an alteration of the brain, which completely upsets their moral nature. † Among the ranks of insane criminals were kleptomaniacs and child molesters.Criminaloids had none of the physical peculiarities of the born or insane criminal and became involved in crime later in life, and tended to commit less serious crimes. Criminaloids were further categorized as habitual criminals, who became so by contact with other criminals, the abuse of alcohol, or other â€Å"distressing circumstances. † He was also an advocate for humane treatment of criminals, arguing for the removal of atavistic, born criminals from society for their own and society's protection, for rehabilitation for those not born criminal, and against capital punishment.His work was always hampered by his Social Darwinist assumptions. In particular, he held the pre-genetic conception of evolution as â€Å"progress† from â€Å"lower life forms† to â€Å"higher life forms† together with an assumption that the more â€Å"advanced† human traits would dispose their owners to living peacefully within a hierarchical, urbanized society far different from the conditions under which human beings evolved. In attempting to predict criminality by the shapes of the skulls and other physical features of criminals, he had in effect created a new pseudoscience of forensic phrenology.While he was a pioneer of scientific criminology, and his work was one of the bases of the eugenics movement in the early twentieth century, his work is no longer considered as providing an adequate foundation for contemporary criminology. However, psychiatry and abnormal psychology have retained his ide a of locating crime completely within the individual and utterly divorced from the surrounding social conditions and structures. Lombroso developed the concept of the â€Å"atavistic,† or born, criminal, based on anthropometric measurements.Although the scientific validity of the concept has been questioned by other criminologists, Lombroso is still credited with turning attention from the legalistic study of crime to the scientific study of the criminal. This new scientific criminology valued the experimental method based on empirically discovered facts and their examination. The knowledge gained was to be achieved carefully, over time, through systematic observation and scientific analysis. In his later work, He was noted for advocating humane treatment of criminals and limitations on the use of the death penalty.

The Blog of Unnecessary Quotation Marks

The Blog of Unnecessary Quotation Marks Last week I wrote an article about quotation marks, and I did not cover the topic of their overuse. Quotation marks are often used to emphasize a word when they are grammatically unnecessary or incorrect. Thankfully, another blogger has taken on the gallant task of locating errant quotation marks so that I can take a rest on this one. I just had to share!   the blog of unnecessary quotation marks Also note: Using single quotation marks is also not grammatically correct, unless you are quoting something within a quote. For instance: Grandma always used to say, I live every day by the words, A stitch in time saves nine.' Single quotation marks simply dont belong anywhere else. And thus concludes Part 2 of the Quotation Mark Quandary.

Food, Eating and Drinking in Genesis essay

Food, Eating and Drinking in Genesis essay Food, Eating and Drinking in Genesis essay Food, Eating and Drinking in Genesis essayFood, eating and drinking have multiple implications in Genesis, which vary from the source of living granted for people by God to the subject of the seduction and downfall of humans, who have violated divine laws through eating the forbidden fruit.Initially, God provided food for humans and made them live a happy and careless life, as they were supposed to respect divine laws and live in the Eden, where they could rip fruits brought by the land and use them as food: â€Å"I give you every seed-bearing plant on the face of the whole earth and every tree that has fruit with seed in it. They will be yours for food† (Genesis 1: 29). Therefore, food was granted for people by God and they should just rip fruits and food from the land blessed by God.One of the turning point in the Genesis story is the story of seduction of Eve by the Serpent and Adam by Eve. Humans eat the forbidden fruit in the Eden. The act of eating the forbidden fruit sy mbolizes the violation of divine laws and rebellion of humans against God. The act of eating the fruit is the direct violation of God’s ban to eat from the tree of knowledge. At the same time, the act of eating the forbidden fruit implies the intrinsic strife of humans for knowledge as well as the implicit sinfulness of humans, who cannot obey to strict divine laws but, instead, want to live their own life, even if it contradicts to the will of God.Thus, food, eating and drinking reveals the God’s care for people and negligence of people with the divine will.

Article reviews for Theory and Practice of Mediation

Reviews for Theory and Practice of Mediation - Article Example But in this practice it is impossible to establish a dialogue between the clients. Finally solution focussed in brief in nature so waiting lists can be reduced. The main point of this reading was though a solution focussed model is a good way of solving the conflicts it suffers from a few drawbacks. An important strength of this piece of work is that it is well organised and it appears as if a thorough research has been done about the topic before writing and the writer has a complete knowledge and understanding about the topic he is writing about. A weakness of this article is it has failed in explaining properly the actual concept or the actual theory of solution focussed model. When the focus of the mediator is on ascertaining whether there is an underlying cause that has fueled the parties’ conflicts and the attempt to interest the parties in addressing it than it is called as a strategic style approach. Strategic style is the product of particular mediator characteristics and social circumstances. The characteristics of strategic style are – the attention to the latent causes is extremely pragmatic, the style is enacted in 3 discrete stages. Therefore it shares some similarities with variants of mediation with respect to these points – problem centered, pragmatic focus, emphasis on hidden dimensions of conflict and the notion that the mediator is the strategist who drives the problem solving process. The main point of this reading is that the strategic style focuses on the causes of conflict between the parties. An important strength of this piece of article is that it provides a comparative study between different methods and the va rious similarities and also the differences between them. An important weakness of this piece of article is that it does the ways in which this method will help in finding the causes or reasons of a particular conflict between the two parties. This theory is

Foster Care Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Foster Care - Essay Example The next foremost part of interdisciplinary is focused on the importance of institutions, as it should be considered that the most essential environmental situation supporting interdisciplinary is the structure of an institutional policy for teamwork such as infrastructure of organized research groups, academic records, financing committees and unofficial networks of researchers that dynamically promote interdisciplinary research. (Stehr & Weingart 2000). In foster care (child welfare system), part of its interdisciplinary measures are: 1) the administration for foster care should provide and implement progressive policies that should strictly be followed by its private contract social services agencies; 2) parents and families at danger of child safety participation should have access to high standard and preventive legal services and be represented properly: 3) enhanced teamwork and communication is necessary between the foster care and education schemes; 4) improved employment and maintenance is essential to make certain that people of cultural diversity are in the main decision making roles in the foster care scheme; 5) foster care workers must have the proper training regarding cultural capability; and 6) continuous academic research, in alliance with practitioners is necessary in diverse areas applying different approaches of research which are recognized by the society influence and response to the racial chara